Site Catalyst References
Skip navigation
Learn About Cancer
Find information and resources for a specific cancer topic
SHARE »
Smokeless Tobacco

+ -Text Size

TOPICS

Previous Topic

To learn more

References

American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2012. Atlanta, Ga. 2012.

Benowitz NL. Pharmacology of Smokeless Tobacco Use: Nicotine Addiction and Nicotine-Related Health Consequences. In: Smokeless Tobacco or Health: An International Perspective. Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No.2. Bethesda (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. NIH Publication No. 93-3461, 1992b:219-228. Accessed at http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/tcrb/monographs/2/m2_4.pdf on December 6, 2011.

Benowitz NL. Pharmacologic aspects of cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med. 1988;319:1318–1330.

Benowitz NL, Jacob P III, Yu L. Daily use of smokeless tobacco: Systemic effects. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:112–116.

Boffetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, et al. Smokeless tobacco and cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(7):667–675.

Boffetta P, Straif K. Use of smokeless tobacco and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ. 2009;339.

Caldwell B, Burgess C, Crane J. Randomized crossover trial of the acceptability of snus, nicotine gum, and Zonnic therapy for smoking reduction in heavy smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(2):179-83.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco use, access, and exposure to tobacco in media among middle and high school students –- United States, 2004. MMWR. 2005;54;297–301. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a1.htm on December 6, 2011.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students –- United States, 2000–2009. MMWR. 2010;59(33);1063-1068. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5933a2.htm on December 6, 2011

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance--- United States, 2009. MMWR. 2010;59(SS-05):1-142. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5905a1.htm on December 6, 2011.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Smokeless Tobacco. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/smokeless/smokeless_facts/index.htm on December 6, 2011.

Cogliano V, Straif K, Baan R, et al. Smokeless tobacco and tobacco-related nitrosamines. Lancet Oncol. 2004;5:708.

Critchley JA, Unal B. Is smokeless tobacco a risk factor for coronary heart disease? A systematic review of epidemiological studies. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2004;11:101–1012.

Dale LC, Ebbert JO, Glover ED, et al. Bupropion SR for the treatment of smokeless tobacco use. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;90:56–63.

Ebbert JO, Croghan IT, North F, Schroeder DR. A pilot study to assess smokeless tobacco use reduction with varenicline. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(10):1037-40.

Ebbert JO, Dale LC. Treating Spit Tobacco (ST) Dependence: What You Need to Know as a Primary Care Provider. Mayo Clinic Dept Med Intramural Newsl. Accessed at http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/ndc_education/upload/tts_treating_spit_tobacco.pdf on December 5, 2011.

Ebbert JO, Dale LC, Patten CA, et al. Effect of high-dose nicotine patch therapy on tobacco withdrawal symptoms among smokeless tobacco users. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007;9:43–52.

Ebbert J, Montori VM, Erwin PJ, Stead LF. Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation (Review). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004306. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004306.pub4.

Ebbert J, Montori V, Vickers K, et al. Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(4):CD004306.

Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC, Benowitz NL, Curry SJ. et al, for the Guideline Panel. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. In National Library of Medicine (NLM). Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. Accessed at www.surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco/treating_tobacco_use08.pdf on December 5, 2011.

Govtrack.us. 111th Congress 2009-2010. H.R.1256: Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act. Accessed at www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h111-1256 on November 9, 2010.

Hatsukami DK, Grillo M, Boyle R, et al. Treatment of spit tobacco users with transdermal nicotine system and mint snuff. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68(2):241–249.

Hatsukami KD, Gust SW, Keenan RM. Physiologic and subjective changes from smokeless tobacco withdrawal. Clin Pharmacol and Ther. 1987;41:103–107.

Hatsukami DK, Lemmonds C, Zhang Y, et al. Evaluation of carcinogen exposure in people who used “reduced exposure” tobacco products. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004;96:844–852.

Henley SJ, Connell CJ, Richter P, et al. Tobacco-related disease mortality among men who switched from cigarettes to spit tobacco. Tobacco Control. 2007;16:22–28.

Henley SJ, Thun MJ, Connell C, Calle EE. Two large prospective studies of mortality among men who use snuff or chewing tobacco (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:347–358.

Holm H, Jarvis MJ, Russwell MAH, Feyerabend C. Nicotine intake and dependence in Swedish snuff takers. Psychopharmacology. 1992;108:507–511.

Hurt RD, Ebbert JO, Hays JT, McFadden DD. Treating tobacco dependence in a medical setting. CA Cancer J Clin. 2009;59(5):314-26.

IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Smokeless Tobacco and Some Tobacco-specific N-Nitrosamines. Volume 89. World Health Organization International Agency For Research On Cancer. 2007. Accessed at http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol89/mono89.pdf on December 5, 2011.

Keller PA, Beyer EJ, Baker TB, et al. Tobacco Cessation Quitline Spending in 2005 and 2006: What State-Level Factors Matter? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2009;6:259–266.

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Spit Tobacco: A Guide For Quitting. September 2006. Accessed at www.nidcr.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/DF314871-B0A6-4171-B831-C472F543C154/0/SpitTobacco.pdf on December 5, 2011.

Office of the US Surgeon General. 1998 Surgeon General’s Report Tobacco Use Among U.S. Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office on Smoking and Health. 1998. Accessed at www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/sgr_1998/index.htm on December 6, 2011.

Office of the US Surgeon General. The Health Consequences of Using Smokeless Tobacco: A Report of the Surgeon General. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Office on Smoking and Health. 1986. Accessed at http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/B/B/F/C/ on December 6, 2011.

Severson HH. Enough Snuff: A Guide for Quitting on Your Own. 6th ed. Eugene, Oregon: Applied Behavior Science Press. 2002.

Severson HH, Klein K, Lichtenstein E, et al. Smokeless tobacco use among professional baseball players: Survey results, 1998 to 2003. Tobacco Control. 2005;14:31–36.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Results from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. Accessed at www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k10Results/Web/HTML/2k10Results.htm#Fig5-7 on November 30, 2011.

The S.T.O.P. Guide: Smokeless Tobacco Cessation. Applied Behavioral Science Press. 2002.

Zendehdel K, Nyrén O, Luo J, et al. Risk of gastroesophageal cancer among smokers and users of Scandinavian moist snuff. Int J Cancer. 2008;122(5):1095–1099.


Last Medical Review: 12/16/2011
Last Revised: 12/16/2011

GIVE BACK »