Staging is the process of finding out how widespread the cancer is. The stage of a liver cancer is the most important factor in looking at treatment options. Not all doctors use the same system to stage liver cancer.
One major system used to describe the stages of liver cancer is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. Stages are labeled using Roman numerals I through IV (1-4). Some stages are further sub-divided into A and B or even C. For the most part, the lower the number, the less the cancer has spread. A higher number, such as stage IV (4), means a more advanced cancer.
The staging systems for most types of cancer depend only on the extent of the cancer, but most patients have liver damage along with their cancer. This means that the liver might not be working as well as it should, which also has an effect on treatment options and the outlook for the patient.
Although the AJCC system defines the extent of liver cancer in some detail, it does not take liver function into account. Several other staging systems are in use that include both of these factors
For treatment purposes, doctors often group liver cancers by whether or not they can be entirely cut out. Resectable is the medical term meaning that the cancer can be removed by surgery. For example, if the cancer is in an earlier stage and if the part of your liver without cancer is healthy, then you might be cured by surgery. Doctors often call this type of cancer localized resectable.
Sometimes, for various reasons, an earlier stage cancer cannot be removed by surgery. These cancers are called localized unresectable.
Cancers that have spread throughout most of the liver or have spread to other organs are called advanced.
Since symptoms of liver cancer often do not appear until the disease is advanced, only a small number of liver cancers are found early enough to be removed with surgery.
Because people with liver cancer often have cirrhosis too, doctors treating liver cancer want to know how well the liver is working. They use a system that measures several different substances in the blood, fluid in the belly, and brain function to do this.
Be sure to ask your doctor to explain the stage of your cancer in a way you understand. This will help you both decide on the best treatment for you.
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