For people with metastatic carcinoid tumors who have carcinoid syndrome (facial flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, rapid heart rate), several medicines can help control the symptoms and may help keep the tumor from growing for a time.
Octreotide
This drug is related to somatostatin, a natural hormone that seems to help slow the growth of neuroendocrine cells. It is very helpful in treating the symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. Sometimes octreotide can temporarily shrink carcinoid tumors, but it does not cure them. Side effects can include pain or burning at the injection site, stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, dizziness, and fatigue.
The original version of octreotide (Sandostatin®) is given as an injection under the skin (subcutaneously) at least twice daily. Some people can learn to give this injection themselves at home. A newer, long-acting version of the drug (Sandostatin LAR®) is given as an injection into a muscle once a month by your doctor or nurse. When first starting treatment, most people are given injections every day. Once the doctor finds the correct dose, the longer-acting monthly injection may be used.
Lanreotide
Lanreotide (Somatuline®) is a drug similar to octreotide. It is given as an injection under the skin once a month. It may be given by your doctor or nurse, or you may learn how to give the injection at home. Side effects are similar to those of octreotide, although pain at the injection site is less common.
Interferons
These drugs are natural substances that normally help activate the body's immune system. They also suppress the growth of some tumors. Interferon alfa is sometimes helpful in shrinking or slowing the growth of metastatic carcinoid tumors and improving symptoms of carcinoid syndrome. But its usefulness is limited by its flu-like side effects, which may be severe. It can also cause depression. Interferon alfa is given by injection, either daily or several times a week.
Other medicines can be used to help control specific symptoms. It is important to describe your symptoms to your doctor so that they can be treated effectively.
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