The outlook for children whose tumor comes back depends on what treatment they first had and the cancer's histology (how the cells look under a microscope).
The outlook is better for recurrent Wilms tumor if it has a favorable histology, was first found at an early stage, and did not require intense treatment.
The treatment for these children is surgery to remove the cancer if possible, then radiation and chemo (often with different drugs from those used during the first treatment).
Wilms tumors that do not have the features listed above are much harder to treat. Treatment for these children could be strong chemo or other drugs being studied in clinical trials. Very high-dose chemo followed by a stem cell transplant (sometimes called a bone marrow transplant) may also be an option.
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