References: Gestational trophoblastic disease detailed guide

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American Joint Committee on Cancer. Gestational trophoblastic tumors. In: AJCC Cancer Staging Manual. 7th ed. New York, NY: Springer; 2010:437-444.

Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. Gestational trophoblastic diseases. In: Hoskins WJ, Perez CA, Young RC, Barakat RR, Markman M, Randall ME, eds. Principles and Practice of Gynecologic Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:1055-1076.

Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. Current management of gestational trophoblastic diseases. Gynecol Oncol. 2009;112:654-662.

Berkowitz RS, Goldstein DP. Molar pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360:1639-1645.

El-Helw LM, Hancock BW. Treatment of metastatic gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Lancet Oncol. 2007;8:715-724.

Fisher RA, Hodges MD, Newlands ES. Familial recurrent hydatidiform mole: a review. J Reprod Med. 2004;49:595-601.

Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Gestational trophoblastic disease. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Lichter AS, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG, eds. Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier; 2008:1857-1874.

Goldstein DP, Berkowitz RS. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. In: DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA, eds. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011:1363-1367.

National Cancer Institute Physician Data Query (PDQ). Gestation Trophoblastic Tumors Treatment. 8/17/2011. Accessed at www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/gestationaltrophoblastic/HealthProfessional on May 16, 2012.

Osborne RJ, Filiaci V, Schink JC, et al. Phase III Trial of Weekly Methotrexate or Pulsed Dactinomycin for Low-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Mar 1;29(7):825-31. Epub 2011 Jan 24.

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Shih IM. Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia--pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Lancet Oncol. 2007:8:642-650.

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Yarandi F, Eftekhar Z, Shojaei H, et al. Pulse methotrexate versus pulse actinomycin D in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008;103:33-37.