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| The Tobacco Atlas, 2nd Edition |
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Dr. Judith Mackay, Dr. Michael Eriksen, Dr. Omar Shafey
Buy this book in print.
View an interactive version of this atlas online
First edition available online at World Health Organization.
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Front Matter
Foreword: John R Seffrin, CEO, American Cancer Society
Preface
Acknowledgements
Photo credits
About the authors
Glossary
1. Types of tobacco use
Different forms of tobacco, including manufactured and roll-your-own cigarettes, cigars, pipes, water pipes, moist and dry snuff, bidis, kreteks and sticks.
Part One: PREVALENCE AND HEALTH (title page. Photography by Chris Hammond and Acclaim Images)
2. Male smoking
Smoking prevalence among men. Smoking trends 1960-2004. Top 10 countries with highest reported smoking rates. Countries where ten times more men than women smoke.
3. Female smoking
Smoking prevalence among women. Smoking trends 1960-2004. Top 10 countries with highest reported smoking rates. Countries where women smoke more than men.
4. Health professionals
Smoking prevalence among health professionals. Medical students who receive formal training in smoking cessation. Smoking among medical students. Countries where smoking is not regulated in hospitals.
5. Boys’ tobacco use
Smoking prevalence among teenage boys. The power of branding. Percentage of boys in India who use other tobacco products.
6. Girls’ tobacco use
Smoking prevalence among teenage girls. The power of branding. Percentage of girls in India who use other tobacco products. Reasons why more young women smoke.
7. Cigarette consumption
Annual cigarette consumption. Top 5 cigaretteconsuming countries. Global cigarette consumption 1880-2002. Regions’ shares of world cigarette sales.
8. Health risks
How tobacco use harms the mind and body. Health risks due to smoking in pregnancy. Deadly chemicals found in cigarette smoke.
9. Passive smoking
Percentage of youth exposed to passive smoking. Harm to health caused by passive smoking. Deaths caused by passive smoking in the UK.
10. Deaths
Deaths from tobacco use in men and women over 30 years old. Dying in your prime: percentage of 30- to 69-year-olds who die from tobacco. Premature deaths from smoking in industrialized and developing countries. Smoking-attributable deaths worldwide.
Part Two: THE COSTS OF TOBACCO (title page)
11. Costs to the economy
Economic costs attributable to tobacco use. Working days lost due to tobacco. Cost of fires caused by smoking. Cigarette litter collected along the world’s coasts.
12. Costs to the smoker
Cost of a pack of Marlboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand in selected countries. Countries where 20 imported cigarettes cost more than half the average daily income. Minutes of labour required to purchase 20 cigarettes. Cost of a pack of Marlboro cigarettes or equivalent international brand compared with food and clothing.
Part Three: THE TOBACCO TRADE
13. Growing tobacco
Land devoted to growing tobacco by country. Countries where tobacco is grown on more than 1% of agricultural land. Leading producers of tobacco. Export value of tobacco.
14. Cigarette manufacturing
Number of cigarette-manufacturing workers by country. Where the tobacco dollar goes. Amount of tobacco leaf used in cigarettes in the USA. Additives and effects.
15. Tobacco companies
Leading companies. Global cigarette market share. The Big Six: the percentage of profit attributable to tobacco sales for leading transnational tobacco companies.
16. Tobacco trade
Cigarette exports by country. Top 10 cigarette importers. Top 10 leaf importers and exporters. US imports and exports of tobacco leaf and cigarettes.
17. Illegal cigarettes
Estimated number of smuggled cigarettes as a percentage of domestic sales by country and estimated sales worldwide. Major smuggling routes. How to stop smuggling. UK seizures of smuggled cigarettes.
Part Four: PROMOTION (title page)
18. Marketing
Top-selling cigarette brand by country. World’s top-selling brands. Changes in cigarette marketing expenditure and consumption in the USA. Smoking in the movies.
19. Buying influence
Tobacco industry contributions to US federal candidates, parties and committees. US tobacco companies’ expenditure on lobbying.
20. Tobacco industry documents
Number of documents relating to each country found on the Legacy website. Top 5 countries. Location of publicly available depositories.
Part Five: TAKING ACTION (title page)
21. Research
Funded tobacco control research projects in selected countries. National Institutes of Health expenditure on tobacco-related issues compared with other major diseases. Incidence of “tobacco” in medical literature compared with other journal topics.
22. Capacity building
Organizations funding capacity-building projects. Key strategies to strengthen national capacity for tobacco control.
23. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Signatories and first 40 countries to ratify, accept, approve or accede to the WHO FCTC. Main provisions of the FCTC. Level of support for the FCTC.
24. Smoke-free areas
Countries with smoking bans in government buildings and private workplaces. Tobacco smoke contamination in hospitals. No loss of sales: before and after smoking bans in restaurants and bars in California. The costs of workplace smoking.
25. Marketing restrictions
Countries where advertising is banned on radio, television and in domestic print media. Countries with comprehensive advertising bans. Brand stretching: global legal requirements. Countries with the highest prevalence of young people who possess an object with a cigarette brand logo.
26. Warning labels
Countries requiring health warnings on packs of cigarettes. Health warnings on tobacco advertisements. Influence of cigarette pack warning labels.
27. Health education
Countries participating in World No Tobacco Day and Quit & Win campaigns. Number of Quit & Win participants 1994-2004. Annual themes of World No Tobacco Days 1988-2005.
28. Quitting
Percentages of smokers who have quit smoking. Global availability of nicotine replacement therapy. Effects of starting and quitting smoking on number of deaths. The cumulative benefits of stopping smoking. Why people give up smoking. Effectiveness of workplace cessation programmes.
29. Tobacco taxes
Tobacco tax as a proportion of cigarette price. Countries or states with tobacco taxes dedicated to tobacco control, health promotion or general healthcare. Smoking goes down as prices go up in South Africa 1961-2001. Government income from tobacco in South-East Asia. The decline of cigarette tax in the USA 1960-2004.
30. Litigation
Legal action against the tobacco industry by country. Global litigation. Types of lawsuits. Rising number of cases pending against Philip Morris and its affiliates.
31. The future
Predicted number of smokers, how tobacco use will affect health, economics, the tobacco industry, and the global response 2000-2050.
The history of tobacco
Historical highlights of key events and action taken to curb the epidemic: BCE-1949, 1950-1994, 1995-2006.
Part Six: WORLD TABLES (title page. Photography by Chris Hammond and Acclaim Images)
Table A: The demographics of tobacco
Population. Adult smoking prevalence. Health professionals’ smoking prevalence. Youth smoking prevalence. Passive smoking. Cigarette consumption.
Table B: The business of tobacco
Growing tobacco. Tobacco trade. Manufacturing. Costs. Tax. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Tobacco industry documents.
End Matter
Sources
Useful contacts
Index
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