Some studies have shown a statistical link between smoking and the risk of developing leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Of course, nonsmokers are also less likely than smokers to develop many other specific cancers, as well as heart disease, stroke, and other diseases.

Treating other cancers with chemotherapy and radiation may cause secondary (post-treatment) MDS. Doctors are now studying ways to minimize the risk of secondary MDS developing in patients receiving these treatments. For example, in highly curable conditions such as Hodgkin disease, doctors may try to avoid using drugs that can lead to MDS. However, the obvious benefits of treating life-threatening cancers with chemotherapy and radiation therapy must be balanced against the small chance of developing MDS several years later.

Avoiding known cancer-causing industrial chemicals, such as benzene, might lower your risk of developing MDS. However, most people with MDS do not have any known exposure to occupational and environmental radiation and chemicals.

Revised: 12/07/2006