|
Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays (such as gamma rays or
x-rays) and particles (such as electrons, protons, or neutrons) to kill
cancer cells. In treating vulvar cancers, radiation is delivered from
outside the body in a procedure that is much like having a diagnostic
x-ray. This is called external beam radiation therapy. It is sometimes
used along with chemotherapy to treat more advanced cancers to shrink
them so they can be removed with surgery. Radiation alone may be used
to treat lymph nodes in the groin and pelvis.
Common side effects of radiation therapy include tiredness,
upset stomach, or loose bowels. Serious fatigue, which may not occur
until about 2 weeks after treatment begins, may also occur. When
radiation is given to the pelvis, diarrhea is common, but can usually
be controlled with over-the-counter medicines. Nausea and vomiting may
also occur, but can be treated with medicines. These side effects tend
to be worse when chemotherapy is given with radiation. Radiation to the
pelvis can also irritate the bladder, and cause problems with
urination. Irritation to the bladder is called radiation cystitis, and
can result in discomfort and an urge to urinate often. Pelvic radiation
can also lead to premature menopause.
Skin changes are also common. As the radiation passes through
the skin to the cancer, it may damage the skin cells. This can cause
irritation ranging from mild, temporary redness to permanent
discoloration. The skin may release fluid, which can lead to infection,
so the area exposed to radiation must be carefully cleaned and
protected.
Radiation can also lead to low blood counts, causing anemia
(low red blood cells) and leukopenia (low white blood cells). The blood
counts usually return to normal after radiation is stopped.
Women who receive radiation to the inguinal (groin) area after
a lymph node dissection may have problems with the surgical wound site.
It may open up or have trouble healing.
If you have side effects from radiation, discuss them with
your cancer care team. There are often methods to relieve these
symptoms.
Last Medical Review: 12/30/2008
Last Revised: 05/14/2009
|
