Hiccups happen when the diaphragm (the main muscle used in breathing) suddenly contracts between normal breaths. Hiccups can be caused by irritation of the nerve that controls the diaphragm, certain drugs, problems in the brain, problems in the esophagus (the swallowing tube that goes from the throat to the stomach), pressure on the stomach, and other conditions. Hiccups that last a long time can be serious. They can interfere with eating, sleeping, and breathing, and lead to exhaustion.

What the patient can do

• Breathe slowly and deeply into a paper bag for 10 breaths at a time.
• Drink water slowly.
• Hold a teaspoon of sugar in the mouth and then swallow.
• Avoid forcing yourself to eat.

What caregivers can do

• Watch the patient to be sure that he is able to drink enough liquids.
• If medicine is given for hiccups, watch for dizziness. The patient may need help getting up or walking.

Call the doctor if the patient:

• Has trouble breathing
• Develops a puffy or bloated stomach
• Has hiccups that last for more than a day

Go back to Caring for the Patient with Cancer at Home: A Guide for Patients and Families.

Last Medical Review: 04/27/2009
Last Revised: 04/27/2009