Types of Incontinence

There are three types of incontinence. Each type has its own symptoms:

• When the sphincters around the urethra are weak, it is called stress incontinence. In these cases, lifting heavy objects, getting up from a chair, coughing, sneezing, or laughing may cause urine to leak. Many men can control it through the night, but may leak when they get up in the morning. Going to the bathroom more often is a good way to avoid accidents.
• Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder is too full. Signs of overflow incontinence include getting up often during the night to urinate, taking a long time to urinate, urinating small amounts and not feeling empty, the need to urinate but being unable to, leaking urine throughout the day, and having a weak, dribbling stream with no force.
• Urge incontinence occurs when the bladder contracts too often. Wetting oneself because of not getting to a restroom quickly enough is a sign of urge incontinence. Because the bladder cannot hold the normal amount of urine, patients may feel the need to urinate every few hours, or that they have a very weak bladder. Wetting the bed at night is not uncommon.

Treatment for Incontinence

Treatment of incontinence depends on the type, severity, and cause of the problem. Health care professionals can recommend exercises that strengthen the muscles, medicines are also available to help the muscles of the bladder or sphincter, and materials such as collagen can be injected surgically to tighten the valve. Devices such as artificial sphincters can also be used.

If the incontinence cannot be completely corrected, it can still be helped. Learning how to manage and live with incontinence is important because, if left untreated, it may disrupt quality of life. Fear, anxiety, isolation, and embarrassment are common feelings in people who are incontinent. These feelings may keep a person from doing the things he loves, such as going to the park, playing golf, or picking up a grandchild. So, it’s important that they speak with a health care professional to determine the best ways to resume their normal activities.

More Help

There is no one right way to cope with incontinence. The challenge is to find what works for the individual. There are many incontinence products that allow people to remain active and comfortable: pads can be worn under clothing; adult briefs and undergarments are available; and bed pads can be used to protect the bed linens and mattress.

Here are some questions to ask when choosing incontinence products:

• How much absorbency does the product provide?
• Can it be seen under normal clothing?
• Is it disposable or reusable?
• Is it comfortable when moving or sitting down?
• Which stores carry the product? Are they easy to get to?
• Does insurance pay for these products?

Patients may find it helpful to talk with other men who have the same problems and feelings about living with incontinence. The American Cancer Society (ACS) offers Man to Man, an education and support group, in many areas. Call 1-800-ACS-2345, to see if one is available near you.