Fluids and dehydration

Everything in the body contains fluid (water). The human body must have a certain amount of liquid, and reduced amounts of fluid in the body can cause changes in how a person feels. Fluid balance means that the body’s fluids are properly regulated and in the right places. Swelling is too much water in the body. (If you have this symptom, see the section called "Swelling.") Dehydration is not having enough water in the body or not having enough fluid where it is needed in the body.

What to look for

• Dry mouth, thirst
• Dizziness, weakness, constipation (See the section called "Constipation.")
• Trouble swallowing dry food
• Dry or sticky tissues in the mouth that make it hard to talk
• Dry skin, skin that "tents" (stays up) when lightly pinched
• A swollen, cracked, or dry tongue
• Fever (See the section called "Fever.")
• Weight loss (See the section called "Weight changes.")
• Little or no urine
• Fatigue (See the section called "Fatigue.")
• Sunken eyeballs

What the patient can do

• Drink fluids. Sometimes iced fluids are easier.
• Remember that food contains fluid. Try to eat fruits, vegetables, soups, gelatins, Popsicles, and other moist foods.
• Apply lotion often to soften dry skin.
• Try to get rid of the cause of dehydration, such as vomiting, diarrhea, or fever. (See the related sections for information on these causes.)
• Apply lubricant to lips to avoid painful cracking.
• If it is tiring to get up, fill a small cooler with ice and small cans of juice or bottled water and keep it next to you.
• Use ice chips to relieve dry mouth if you can't drink enough liquid.

What caregivers can do

• Offer cold or cool liquids every hour or so.
• Encourage the patient to eat small meals if they are able.
• Include moist foods, soups, and fruit smoothies (made with ice in a blender) as snacks.
• Watch the patient's urine output to see if it gets dark or the patient stops urinating.
• Check with the patient often to be sure that they haven’t become confused.
• Stand nearby when they get up, in case of dizziness or fainting.

Call the doctor if the patient:

• Has vomiting, diarrhea, or fever that lasts for more than 24 hours
• Has urine that is either very dark or only comes in a small amount, or if there is no urine for 12 hours or more
• Becomes dizzy or feels faint when standing up
• Becomes disoriented or confused