Survival Rates for Esophageal Cancer

Survival rates are a way to measure how many people survive a certain type of cancer over time. They cannot tell you exactly what will happen with any one person, but they may help give you a better understanding of how likely it is that treatment will be successful.

What is a 5-year relative survival rate?

A relative survival rate compares people with the same stage of esophageal (esophagus) cancer to people in the overall population.

For example, if the 5-year relative survival rate for a specific stage of esophageal cancer is 60%, it means that people who have that cancer are, on average, about 60% as likely as people who don’t have that cancer to live for at least 5 years after being diagnosed.

Where do these numbers come from?

The American Cancer Society relies on information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, maintained by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), to provide survival statistics for different types of cancer.

The SEER database tracks 5-year relative survival rates for esophageal cancer in the United States, based on how far the cancer has spread. The SEER database, however, does not group cancers by AJCC TNM stages (stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, etc.). Instead, it groups cancers into localized, regional, and distant stages:

• Localized means that the cancer is growing only in the esophagus.
• Regional means that the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes or tissues.
• Distant means that the cancer has spread to distant organs or lymph nodes.

5-year relative survival rates for esophageal cancer

These numbers are based on people diagnosed with esophageal cancer between 2015 and 2021.

Stage	5-Year Relative Survival Rate
Localized	49%
Regional	28%
Distant	5%
All SEER stages combined	22%

Understanding the numbers

• People being diagnosed with esophageal cancer now may have a better outlook than these numbers show. Treatments have improved over time, and these numbers are based on people who were diagnosed and treated at least 5 years earlier.
• These numbers apply only to the stage of the cancer when it is first diagnosed. They do not apply later on if the cancer grows, spreads, or comes back after treatment.
• These numbers don’t take everything into account. Survival rates are grouped based on how far the cancer has spread, but other factors such as your age, overall health, the type of esophageal cancer you have, and how well the cancer responds to treatment will also affect your outlook.
• The survival rates above don’t separate squamous cell carcinomas from adenocarcinomas. People with adenocarcinomas are generally thought to have a slightly better outlook overall.

Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates, and they can’t predict what will happen in any person’s case. These statistics can be confusing and may lead you to have more questions. Ask your doctor how these numbers might apply to you.