The HPV Test

The most important risk factor for developing cervical cancer is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). Doctors can test for the high-risk HPV types that are most likely to cause cervical cancer by looking for pieces of their DNA in cervical cells. The test can be done by itself (primary HPV test) or at the same time as a Pap test (called a co-test). You won’t notice a difference in your exam if both tests are done.

When is the HPV test used?

The HPV test is most often used in 2 situations:

• The ACS recommends the primary HPV test* as the preferred test for cervical cancer screening for people 25-65 years of age. (*A primary HPV test is an HPV test that is done by itself for screening. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved certain tests to be primary HPV tests.)
• Some HPV tests are approved only as part of a co-test, when the HPV test and the Pap test are done at the same time to screen for cervical cancer. Because a primary HPV test may not be an option everywhere, a co-test every 5 years or a Pap test every 3 years are still good options.

How is an HPV test done?

Both the HPV and Pap tests are usually done during a speculum exam. Another option for the HPV test is for the person to use a kit to collect a vaginal sample themselves, either at home or while being supervised by a health care provider. This is called self-collection or self-sampling, and doesn’t require a pelvic exam.

All the screening tests (primary HPV test, co-test, and Pap test) are good at finding cancer and precancer.  The most important thing to remember is to get screened regularly, no matter which test you get.

What do my HPV test results mean?

The results of the HPV and Pap tests help assess your risk of developing cervical cancer. If the test(s) is positive, this could mean more follow-up visits, more tests to look for a precancer or cancer, and sometimes a procedure to treat any precancers that might be found.

Depending on your specific risk of developing cervical cancer, it is best to get details about your screening results from your health care provider to fully understand your options and what follow-up plan is best for you.

For more information, see HPV and HPV Testing.