More information about radiation therapy
To learn more about how radiation is used to treat cancer, see Radiation Therapy.
To learn about some of the side effects listed here and how to manage them, see Managing Cancer-related Side Effects.
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Radiation therapy is the use of high-energy radiation in the form of x-rays or radioactive particles to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy can be used in many ways:
The type of radiation therapy used most often to treat thymic cancer is external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). This type of radiation therapy uses x-rays from a machine outside the patient’s body to kill cancer cells. The treatment is much like getting an x-ray, but the radiation is more intense. The procedure doesn't hurt, but it does cause side effects (discussed later on). Before your treatments start, the medical team will take careful measurements to determine the correct angles for aiming the radiation beams and the proper dose of radiation. They will also do special CT scans to help plan your treatments. Each treatment lasts only a few minutes, although the setup time — getting you into place for treatment — usually takes longer. Most often, radiation treatments are given 5 days a week for several weeks.
A type of EBRT called three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is used to treat thymic cancers. This technique allows doctors to more accurately target the tumor while reducing the radiation damage to nearby healthy tissues such as the lungs and the heart.
An advanced form of 3D-CRT, called intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is often used. It uses a computer-driven machine that moves around the patient as it delivers radiation. Along with shaping the radiation beams and aiming them at the tumor from several angles, the intensity (strength) of the beams can be adjusted to minimize the dose reaching the most sensitive normal tissues. This might offer a better chance of increasing the success rate and reducing side effects.
Common side effects of radiation therapy include:
Radiation can damage bone marrow leading to low blood counts. This can lead to anemia (low red blood cell counts) which can cause people to feel weak and tired. It can also lead to low white blood cell counts, which increases the risk of serious infections.
Chest radiation therapy can also damage lungs. This can lead to trouble breathing and shortness of breath. This usually gets better after radiation treatments stop, but sometimes the damage is long-term (or even permanent).
Most side effects are short-term and get better over time after radiation treatment is done.
If radiation therapy is given along with chemotherapy, the side effects are often worse.
If you are having any side effects from radiation therapy, tell your doctor or nurse. In most cases there are ways to help control these symptoms.
To learn more about how radiation is used to treat cancer, see Radiation Therapy.
To learn about some of the side effects listed here and how to manage them, see Managing Cancer-related Side Effects.
The American Cancer Society medical and editorial content team
Our team is made up of doctors and oncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing.
Jackson MW, Palma DA, Camidge DR, et al. The Impact of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2017;12(4):734-744.
National Cancer Institute. Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma Treatment (PDQ) - Health Professional Version. February 4, 2015.
National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. Thymomas and Thymic Carcinomas. Version 1.2017--March 2, 2017.
Patel SH, Rimner A, Cohen RB. Combining immunotherapy and radiation therapy for small cell lung cancer and thymic tumors. Transl Lung Cancer Res. 2017;6(2):186–195.
Last Revised: March 17, 2015
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